Locus of Control
Psychologist Julian Rotter developed the concept of "locus of control" in the 1950s to explain how we perceive our ability to influence life's outcomes.
Those with an internal locus believe they're at the helm of their own lives—they set goals, take responsibility for failures, and view challenges as opportunities they can overcome through effort. "I am the master of my fate," they might say.
In contrast, those with an external locus attribute outcomes to luck, fate, or powerful others. They're more likely to feel helpless when facing obstacles, believing circumstances beyond their control determine their path.
This fundamental difference shapes not just how we respond to setbacks, but how proactively we approach life itself. While neither orientation is inherently superior—external thinking can protect against undue self-blame—research suggests those who cultivate an internal locus tend to be more resilient, motivated, and ultimately successful in pursuing their goals.